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Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9; Gregory-Aland no. C or 04, von Soden δ 3) is a fifth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible, sometimes referred to as one of the four great uncials (see Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus and Vaticanus). The manuscript is not intact: in its current condition, Codex C contains material from every New Testament book except Second Thessalonians and Second John; however, only six books of the Greek Old Testament are represented. The manuscript is called Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus because ''(a)'' it is a codex, i.e., a handmade book; ''(b)'' its parchment has been recycled; originally inscribed with Scriptural texts, the pages were washed (removing most of the ink) and reused for another text, and ''(c)'' the text that was written on the recycled pages, in the 12th century, consisted of Greek translations of 38 treatises composed by Ephrem the Syrian, a prominent bishop of the mid-4th century. Manuscripts of this sort, consisting of recycled pages, are known as palimpsests.〔 The later (or, "upper") text was written in the 12th century. The lower text of the palimpsest was deciphered by biblical scholar and palaeographer Tischendorf in 1840–1843, and was edited by him in 1843–1845. Currently it is housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Grec 9) in Paris.〔 == Description == 208 leaves of the codex are extant; 144 belong to the New Testament and 64 to the Old Testament. The codex measures 12¼ in/31.4-32.5 cm by 9 in/25.6-26.4 cm.〔 The text is written in a single column per page, 40–46 lines per page, on parchment leaves. The letters are medium-sized uncials.〔 The uncial writing is continuous, with the punctuation consisting only of a single point, as in codices Alexandrinus and Vaticanus. The capitals at the beginning sections stand out in the margin as in codices Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Basilensis. Iota and upsilon, which in Alexandrinus and many other manuscripts have two dots over them (diaeresis) when they commence a syllable – sometimes only one dot – have in the Codex Ephraemi a small straight line in their place. The breathings and accents were added by a later hand. The nomina sacra tend to be contracted into three-letter forms rather than the more common two-letter forms.〔Πατήρ usually was abbreviated to ΠHP, Σταυρωθῇ to ΣTΘH. See Larry W. Hurtado, ''The Earliest Christian Artifacts'', Wm. Eerdmans, 2006, p. 134.〕 Before the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John, a list of (''chapters'') is preserved (and one may deduce that the manuscript contained such lists for Matthew and Mark when it was in pristine condition), but their τιτλοι (''titles of chapters'') were apparently not placed in the upper margin of the page as in Codex Alexandrinus.〔 It is possible, however, that the upper margins once contained τιτλοι in red ink which has completely faded away; another possibility is that the upper portions of the pages have been overtrimmed. The text of the Gospels is accompanied by marginal notations indicating the Ammonian Sections. Probably when the codex was pristine, numerals representing the Eusebian Canons were also present in red ink which has completely vanished. There are no systematic divisions in the other books.〔 The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) was almost certainly not included in Codex C when it was in pristine condition. The two leaves which contained John 7:3–8:34 are not extant. By counting the lines and calculating how much space would be required to include John 7:53-8:11, it can be demonstrated that, barring a large omission elsewhere in the text on the missing leaves, they did not contain sufficient space to include the passage.〔Bruce M. Metzger, ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 187.〕 The text of Mark 16:9–20 is included in Codex C on folio 148r. It is difficult to determine whether Luke 22:43-44 Christ's agony at Gethsemane was originally in the text of Codex C; the leaves that contained the surrounding verses are not extant.〔''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 305. ()〕 Mark 15:28 is not included.〔''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 193.〕 ; Lacunae * Gospel of Matthew: 1:1–2; 5:15–7:5; 17:26–18:28; 22:21–23:17; 24:10–45; 25:30–26:22; 27:11–46; 28:15-fin.; * Gospel of Mark: 1:1–17; 6:32–8:5; 12:30–13:19; * Gospel of Luke: 1:1–2; 2:5–42; 3:21–4:25; 6:4–36; 7:17–8:28; 12:4–19:42; 20:28–21:20; 22:19–23:25; 24:7–45 * Gospel of John: 1:1–3; 1:41–3:33; 5:17–6:38; 7:3–8:34; 9:11–11:7; 11:47–13:7; 14:8–16:21; 18:36–20:25; * Acts of the Apostles: 1:1–2; 4:3–5:34; 6:8; 10:43–13:1; 16:37–20:10; 21:31–22:20; 23:18–24:15; 26:19–27:16; 28:5-fin.; * Epistle to the Romans: 1:1–3; 2:5–3:21; 9:6–10:15; 11:31–13:10; * First Epistle to the Corinthians: 1:1–2; 7:18–9:6; 13:8–15:40; * Second Epistle to the Corinthians: 1:1–2; 10:8-fin. * Epistle to the Galatians: 1:1–20 * Epistle to the Ephesians: 1:1–2:18; 4:17-fin. * Epistle to the Philippians: 1:1–22; 3:5-fin. * Epistle to the Colossians: 1:1–2; * First Epistle to the Thessalonians: 1:1; 2:9-fin.; * Second Epistle to the Thessalonians lost * First Epistle to Timothy: 1:1–3:9; 5:20-fin.; * Second Epistle to Timothy: 1:1–2; * Epistle to Titus: 1:1–2 * Epistle to Philemon: 1–2 * Epistle to the Hebrews: 1:1–2:4; 7:26–9:15; 10:24–12:15; * Epistle of James: 1:1–2; 4:2-fin. * First Epistle of Peter: 1:1–2; 4:5-fin.; * Second Epistle of Peter: 1:1; * First Epistle of John: 1:1–2; 4:3-fin. * Second Epistle of John lost; * Third Epistle of John: 1–2; * Epistle of Jude: 1–2; * Book of Revelation: 1:1–2; 3:20–5:14; 7:14–17; 8:5–9:16; 10:10–11:3; 16:13–18:2; 19:5-fin.〔Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland (eds), ''Novum Testamentum Graece'', 26th edition, (Stuttgart: ''Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft'', 1991), p. 689.〕 In the Old Testament, parts of Book of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom, and Sirach survived.〔Würthwein Ernst (1988). ''Der Text des Alten Testaments'', Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, p. 85.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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